I was washing my car yesterday when my drying cloth snagged on the driver side of the car (usually it snags near the hood where so many pointy bits aren't flush-mounted).
I noticed this:
What the heck happened here? I didn't collide with anything! The pax side looks just fine.
Looks like the fender liner broke where it's fixed to the fender with the screw you're seeing. It would have to be a significant collision to the underbody to cause that lol.
Did you do any modifications to your car, like changing foglights? Hit a very big bump while turning where the tire could have hit the fender liner?
In any case just put the two protruding bits together and tighter the screw back into the fender, and you should be good.